Measuring Software Process: A Systematic Mapping Study

Context: Measurement is essential to reach predictable performance and high capability processes. It provides support for better understanding, evaluation, management, and control of the development process and project, as well as the resulting product. It also enables organizations to improve and predict its process’s performance, which places organizations in better positions to make appropriate decisions. Objective: This study aims to understand the measurement of the software development process, to identify studies, create a classification scheme based on the identified studies, and then to map such studies into the scheme to answer the research questions. Method: Systematic mapping is the selected research methodology for this study. Results: A total of 462 studies are included and classified into four topics with respect to their focus and into three groups based on the publishing date. Five abstractions and 64 attributes were identified, 25 methods/models and 17 contexts were distinguished. Conclusion: capability and performance were the most measured process attributes, while effort and performance were the most measured project attributes. Goal Question Metric and Capability Maturity Model Integration were the main methods and models used in the studies, whereas agile/lean development and small/medium-size enterprise were the most frequently identified research contexts.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3-3-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-76956-C3-2- RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-RED

Prevención estomatológica en estudiantes de la Universidad Central del Ecuador en relación a un análisis entre salud bucal versus consumo tecnológico

En el Ecuador se ha detectado que la prevención estomatológica ha sido reducida a controles estrictamente necesarios según las patologías presentadas y de manera paralela el consumismo ha generado una compra de artículos innecesarios, sustituyendo en las personas las principales necesidades de nutrición, vivienda, educación y salud por implementos perecederos. El objetivo es identificar la prevención estomatológica en estudiantes de la Universidad Central del Ecuador mediante un análisis entre salud bucal versus consumo tecnológico. Se encontró que los estudiantes centralinos tienen una cultura fomentada hacia los principios básicos de higiene bucal, también se detectó que consideran poco importante productos suntuarios como televisores, consolas de videojuego, entre otros. El 74,74% de estudiantes consideran como un factor importante a la prevención odontológica versus al 91,85% de estudiantes que conservan su modelo de celular por largo tiempo, lo que demuestra una concientización de los jóvenes hacia el cuidado de sus dientes y que estos son importantes dentro de la salud, también se demuestra que ellos prefieren cuidar su salud bucal que obtener un dispositivo electrónico, cabe mencionar que esta tendencia está basada en universitarios de una entidad públicaIn Ecuador, preventive dental care has been reduced to strictly necessary controls of present pathologies and, simultaneously, consumerism has generated the purchase of unnecessary artifacts, substituting people’s main nutritional, housing, educational and health needs for perishable implements. The objective is identify preventive dental care in students of Universidad Central del Ecuador by performing a comparative analysis between oral health and use of technology. The students of Universidad Central have a culture oriented towards the basic principles of oral health, and they consider luxury commodities such as TVs and videogame consoles to be of little importance. 74,74% of these students consider preventive dental care important, versus 91,85% who maintain their cellular phone models throughout an extended period of time; this proves awareness on dental care and that oral health is important. This work also proves that students rather tend to their oral health than obtain an electronic gadget. It is worth noting that this tendency is based on students from a public institutio

IN2GESOFT: Innovation and Integration of Methods for the Development and Quantitative Management of Software Projects TIN2004-06689-C03

This coordinated project intends to introduce new methods in software engineering project management, integrating different quantitative and qualitative technologies in the management processes. The underlying goal to all three subprojects participants is the generation of information adapted for the efficient performance in the directing of the project. The topics that are investigated are related to the capture of decisions in dynam ical environments and complex systems, software testing and the analysis of the manage ment strategies for the process assessment of the software in its different phases of the production. The project sets up a methodological, conceptual framework and supporting tools that facilitate the decision making in the software project management. This allows us to eval uate the risk and uncertainty associated to different alternatives of management before leading them to action. Thus, it is necessary to define a taxonomy of software models so that they reflect the current reality of the projects. Since the software testing is one of the most critical and costly processes directed to guarantee the quality and reliability of the software, we undertake the research on the automation of the process of software testing by means of the development of new technologies test case generation, mainly based in metaheuristic and model checking techniques in the domains of database and internet applications. The software system developed will allow the integration of these technologies, and the management information needed, from the first phases of the cycle of life in the construction of a software product up to the last ones such as regression tests and maintenance. The set of technologies that we investigate include the use of statistical analysis and of experimental design for obtaining metrics in the phase of analysis, the application of the bayesian nets to the decision processes, the application of the standards of process eval uation and quality models, the utilization of metaheuristics algorithms and technologies of prediction to optimize resources, the technologies of visualization to construct control dashboards, hybrid models for the simulation of processes and others

Modular Software Process Simulation Models Through Metamodeling

In this paper we present the main concepts and principles of a multilevel architecture to help in the development of modularized and reusable software process models under the System Dynamics approach. The conceptual ideas of the multilevel architecture have been formalized using UML as a notation. Metamodeling is used to support the process of abstract modules development. The architecture proposed is also based on ISO’s Information Resource Dictionary System. The principles of the architecture and overall guide to develop software process simulation models are described in this work.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIN2004-06689-C03-0

Improving software process maturity through dynamic modeling and simulation

Los modelos de procesos actuales como CMM, SPICE y otros recomiendan la aplicación de control estadístico y de guías de métricas para la definición, implementación y posterior evaluación de diferentes mejoras del proceso. Sin embargo, precisamente en este contexto no se ha considerado lo suficiente el modelado cuantitativo, reconocido en otras áreas como un elemento esencial para la adquisición de conocimiento. En este trabajo se describe la base conceptual y fundamental utilizada para el desarrollo de un marco enfocado a la mejora de procesos software que combina las técnicas de estimación tradicionales con la utilización extensiva de modelos dinámicos de simulación como herramienta para asesorar en el proceso de evolución entre los diferentes niveles de madurez propuestos por el modelo de referencia CMM. Tras la necesaria introducción a los conceptos fundamentales del modelado y simulación del proceso software y la justificación para la creación de dicho marco, se abordan las cuestiones fundamentales para su desarrollo, tales como el enfoque conceptual y su estructura, prestando especial atención al paradigma de desarrollo de los modelos dinámicos de simulación que le dan soporte.Current software process models (CMM, SPICE, etc.) strongly recommend the application of statistical control and measure guides to define, implement and evaluate the effects of different process improvements. However, whilst quantitative modelling has been widely used in other fields, it has not been considered enough in the field of software process improvement. During the last decade software process simulation has been used to address a wide diversity of management problems. Some of these problems are related to strategic management, technology adoption, understanding, training and learning, and risk management, among others. In this work a dynamic integrated framework for software process improvement is presented. This framework combines traditional estimation models with an intensive utilisation of dynamic simulation models of software process. The aim of this framework is to support a qualitative and quantitative assessment for software process improvement and decision making to achieve a higher software development process capability according to the Capability Maturity Model. The concepts underlying this framework have been implemented in a software process improvement tool that has been used in a local software organisation. The results obtained and the lessons learned are also presented in this paper.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) TIC2001-1143-C03-0

Integrating Dynamic Models for CMM-Based Software Process Improvement

During the last decade software process simulation has been used to address a wide diversity of management problems. Some of these problems are related to strategic management, technology adoption, understanding, training and learning, and risk management, among others. In this work a dynamic integrated framework for software process improvement is presented. This framework combines traditional estimation static models with an intensive utilization of dynamic simulation models of the software process. The aim of this framework is to support a qualitative and quantitative assessment for software process improvement and decision making to achieve a higher software development process capability according to the Capability Maturity Model. The paper describes the concepts underlying this framework, its implementation, the dynamic approach followed to systematically develop the dynamic modules, and an example of its potential use and benefits.CICYT TIC2001-1143-C03-0

A Dynamic Integrated Framework for Software Process Improvement

Current software process models (CMM, SPICE, etc.) strongly recommend the application of statistical control and measure guides to define, implement, and evaluate the effects of different process improvements. However, whilst quantitative modeling has been widely used in other fields, it has not been considered enough in the field of software process improvement. During the last decade software process simulation has been used to address a wide diversity of management problems. Some of these problems are related to strategic management, technology adoption, understanding, training and learning, and risk management, among others. In this work a dynamic integrated framework for software processimprovement ispres ented. Thisframework combinestraditional estimation models with an intensive utilization of dynamic simulation models of the software process. The aim of this framework is to support a qualitative and quantitative assessment for software process improvement and decision making to achieve a higher software development process capability according to the Capability Maturity Model. The conceptsunderlying thisframework have been implemented in a software process improvement tool that has been used in a local software organization. The results obtained and the lessons learned are also presented in this paperCICYT TIC2001-1143-C03-0

Improvements In The Decision Making In Software Projects

The Simulators of Software Development Projects based on dynamic models have supposed a significant advance in front of the traditional techniques of estimate. These simulators enable to know the evolution of a project before, during and after the execution of the same one. But its use in the estimate of the project before beginning the execution, has been braked by the great number of attributes of the project that it is necessary to know previously. In this paper are presented the improvements that have been added to the simulator developed in our department to facilitate the use of them, and a new improvement obtained when using machine learning and fuzzy logic techniques with the databases generated by the simulator. In this last case, the project manager can know, in function of the decisions that he takes, the level of execution of the project objectives.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) TIC99_035

Discovering Business Models for Software Process Management - An Approach for Integrating Time and Resource Perspectives from Legacy Information Systems

Business Process Management (BPM) is becoming the modern core to support business in all type of organizations and software business is not an exception. Software companies are often involved in important and complex collaborative projects carried out by many stakeholders. Each actor (customers, suppliers or government instances, among others) works with individual and shared processes. Everyone needs dynamic and evolving approaches for managing their software projects lifecycle. Nevertheless, many companies still use systems that are out of the scope of BPM for planning and control projects and managing enterprise content (Enterprise Content Management, ECM) as well as all kinds of resources (ERP). Somehow systems include scattered artifacts that are related to BPM perspectives: control and data flow, time, resource and case, for example. It is aimed to get interoperable BPM models from these classical Legacy Information Systems (LIS). Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) allows going from application code to higher-level of abstraction models. Particularly, there are standards and proposals for reverse engineering LIS. This paper illustrates LIS cases for software project planning and ECM, looking at time and resource perspectives. To conclude, we will propose a MDE-based approach for taking out business models in the context of software process management.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3-3-

Aprendizaje de CMM a través de la simulación

En este artículo se presenta un nuevo enfoque para la enseñanza de la gestión de proyectos y de los estándares de procesos como el Modelo de Madurez de la Capacidad del software (CMM) [6]. Nuestro objetivo será promover el aprendizaje activo de conceptos y técnicas, favoreciendo, en lo posible, la adquisición de experiencia. Para lograrlo, se propone la utilización de modelos de simulación para simular los procesos y el comportamiento de las organizaciones que pertenecen a diferentes niveles de madurez según el modelo CMM